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An Asteroid is what we call a chunk of rock that orbits the sun. Asteroids pass by Earth extremely frequently. Sometimes, pieces of an asteroid break off and burn up in Earth's atmosphere, creating what we call Meteorites or shooting stars. Finally, if a meteor survives the trip to the ground and makes impact, it is called a meteorite.
On NASA asteroid watch, you can view the information bout the next five asteroids predicted to pass close by to Earth. For example, just yesterday, three asteroids were listed- one of which is the size of a school bus and less than 500,000 km away. NASA uses radar tracking to predict the path of asteroids and whether they pose a threat to Earth. The larger the asteroid, the more likely it is for the prediction to be accurate. However, the accuracy of these predictions is still quite low, and only a few meteor strikes have ever been successfully predicted. You can see graphs and details about the methods used to predict asteroids on this helpful Wiki page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid_impact_prediction